Adjust Font Size [ + ] [ – ] [ o ]

Victorian Archives Centre public opening hours

Monday to Friday: 10:00 am to 4:30 pm
(excl. public holidays)
The second and last Saturday of every month

Education Activities

Information for Teachers

Water, and the lack of it, has always been a defining concern to Victorians. The drought that has lasted for the past 14 years, plus the environmental impact of global warming, continue to put water at the centre of peoples’ thoughts and government initiatives.

Sorrento was initially chosen as a place of settlement on Port Philip Bay in the 1830s because of its fresh water springs. However, the springs proved inadequate and the settlement was abandoned. Later, in 1835, John Batman chose the present site of Melbourne because the Yarra River provided a more reliable source of water.

Water Stories uses original PROV records to discover the development of the first water storage, the Yan Yean Reservoir, the creation of the four parks that surround the city (Fitzroy, Exhibition, Flagstaff and the Botanic Gardens), the development of an innovative sewerage system for the city at Spotswood and Werribee, and the transformation of the Yarra River from a pristine source of drinking water into a shunned and polluted sewer, and then its slow return to being a central focus for the city.

Water Stories includes original records, maps and photographs that provide ways of visually understaning how and why Melbourne’s water supplies, rivers and landscapes developed.

Relevant Victorian Essential Learning Standards (VELS) links:

The following  activities are  most suitable for students in Years 6 – 10

Outcomes
Students will:

  • discover how primary documents are evidence of history;
  • investigate original State Government records from the PROV collection;
  • analyse the impact of people and attitudes to water and the environment; and
  • identify key forces for change and continuity over time.

Activities
Students could choose a number of the themes and further investigate and study them. The following provides some activities for students.

Dams, Pipes and Sewers

Smellbourne

  • Why was Melbourne once referred to as ‘Smellbourne’?
  • How was sewerage collected in the 1800s in Melbourne? Where was it dumped?
  • What did the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) build to help stop the sewerage problems?
  • Investigate the health issues before and after the sewerage plant was built.

Werribee Farm

  • What were the reasons Werribee was chosen for a sewerage farm?
  • Research the changes that have taken place over the past centuries to the Werribbee treatment farm.
  • Investigate different methods of treating sewerage now.

Yan Yean Reservoir

  • Why was the Yan Yean Reservoir built?
  • Why were there water shortages in Melbourne in 1859?
  • What did the government in 1859 do to combat the water shortages?
  • Compare the water restrictions of 1859 with those introduced by the government in 2004-2009.
  • Consider the various options people now use to save water.
  • Investigate and discuss the issues of water quality then and now.
  • Investigate and discuss the environmental impact of using bottled water today.
  • What would happen if Melbourne did not have enough drinking water for everyone that lived there?

 

 

A Garden City

Fitzroy, Exhibition, Flagstaff and the Botanic Gardens

  • Why did Superintendent Charles La Trobe think park lands were essential for the new city?
  • Many interesting fountains, memorials, statues and buildings can be found in Melbourne’s parks. Choose one and investigate its history.
  • What is the National Herbarium of Victoria?
  • Visit one of the city parks and list 10 reasons why you like it.
  • What wildlife can you find in the city parks?
  • Investigate the goat problem of early Melbourne.
  • Why was the Carlton Gardens and Exhibition Building given UNESCO World Heritage status in 2008?
  • What impact has the prolonged drought had on the parks and gardens around Melbourne?
  • Investigate your local area and survey the impact of the drought on street trees, parks and residential gardens.
  • Read the webpage about PROV’s rainwater harvesting project and discover what PROV is doing to help Melbourne’s water problems. How is the PROV tank water being used? Investigate what other similar schemes are being developed to improve water usage.
  • Why was Victoria called the ‘Garden State’?
  • Why are trees important to Melbourne? Consider what the city would look like without its street trees. What would the environmental impact be?
  • If Victoria’s climate was to warm up, what would be the consequences for its landscapes, gardens and towns?

 

 

The River Yarra

Cleaning up, Taming the River, Then and Now

  • What is the name for the Yarra River used by the local Aboriginal peoples?
  • Study the early maps of the river and compare the course of the river today. Why has the river changed?
  • How and why was the Yarra River so badly polluted and neglected?
  • Describe some of the maritime industries associated with the river.
  • Does the river still flood? Choose a Yarra flood and investigate its impact.
  • What are the likely consequences of global warming on river flood events?
  • Investigate what you can do at a local area to stop the pollution of the Yarra River and local creeks? Why is this important?

 

Additional Resources

Culture Victoria aims to deliver access to Victorian cultural collections through:

  • stories that showcase the richness and diversity of Victoria
  • a collections search across the websites and databases of Victorian collecting organisations
  • information on over 700 places in Victoria the hold publicly accessible collections

e.g. Melbourne and Smellbourne

e.g. Built Envvironment

Trove is a discovery experience focused on Australia and Australians. It supplements what search engines provide by returning results across a broad range of media including books, maps, photographs, newspapers, videos, music, journals, articles, archived websites, and datasets.

e.g. search result for ‘smellbourne’

 

The following is a list of resources about water and landscapes in Australia:

History of Melbourne’s Water Supply on the Melbourne Water website.

Just add water, National Archives of Australia exhibition – Document studies for secondary students.

Michael Cathcart, Water Dreamers: How Water and Silence Made Australia, Melbourne, Text Publishing, 2009.

Jay Arthur, The Default Country: a Lexical Cartography of 20th Century Australia, Sydney, UNSW Press, 2003.

Maude Barlow, Blue Covenant – The Global Water Crisis and the Coming Battle for the Right to Water, Black Inc., Melbourne, 2007, gives a global perspective on current issues surrounding the availability of water, read an excerpt of chapter 5.

PROV Rainwater Harvesting Project – find out how PROV is collecting water from its huge roof area for use in the local area.

CSIRO, Water for a Healthy Country, a research program addressing one of Australia’s most pressing natural resource issues, the sustainable management of our water resources.

Australian Government, Department of Climate Change.

Science Alert (Australia and New Zealand), Long history for water shortage.

Climate Action Network Australia, Climate Change and Water In Australia.

Australian Government, Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Water for the Future, a long-term framework to secure the water supply of all Australians.

 

 

State Government of Victoria Logo